GPT-5 Nano

Securing our frontier model training environment

GPT-Rosalind surfaced a new lead for drug discovery: could restoring cholesterol transport protect neurons from degeneration? DCTN1 is a gene linked to Perry syndrome, a rare neurodegenerative disorde

GPT-Rosalind surfaced a new lead for drug discovery: could restoring cholesterol transport protect neurons from degeneration? DCTN1 is a gene linked to Perry syndrome, a rare neurodegenerative disorder. In mouse-brain data, disrupting it increased expression of genes involved in

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Terminal X matches senior investor judgment 88.6% with GPT-6.1

Our latest model advances bring stronger capabilities for building and migrating software in low-resource programming languages such as COBOL, Fortran, and Visual Basic. These languages power software

Our latest model advances bring stronger capabilities for building and migrating software in low-resource programming languages such as COBOL, Fortran, and Visual Basic. These languages power software that banks, governments, and businesses depend on. Progress here means https://t.co/Mulo5P3iCO

Can an LLM Detect Instances of Microservice Infrastructure Patterns?

Architectural patterns are frequently found in various software artifacts. The wide variety of patterns and their implementations makes detection challenging with current tools, especially since they often only support detecting patterns in artifacts written in a single language. Large Language Models (LLMs), trained on a diverse range of software artifacts and knowledge, might overcome the limitations of existing approaches. However, their true effectiveness and the factors influencing their performance have not yet been thoroughly examined. To better understand this, we developed MicroPAD. This tool utilizes GPT 5 nano to identify architectural patterns in software artifacts written in any language, based on natural-language pattern descriptions. We used MicroPAD to evaluate an LLM's ability to detect instances of architectural patterns, particularly infrastructure-related microservice patterns. To accomplish this, we selected a set of GitHub repositories and contacted their top contributors to create a new, human-annotated dataset of 190 repositories containing microservice architectural patterns. The results show that MicroPAD was capable of detecting pattern instances across multiple languages and artifact types. The detection performance varied across patterns (F1 scores ranging from 0.09 to 0.70), specifically in relation to their prevalence and the distinctiveness of the artifacts through which they manifest. We also found that patterns associated with recognizable, dominant artifacts were detected more reliably. Whether these findings generalize to other LLMs and tools is a promising direction for future research.

PISmith: Reinforcement Learning-based Red Teaming for Prompt Injection Defenses

Prompt injection poses serious security risks to real-world LLM applications, particularly autonomous agents. Although many defenses have been proposed, their robustness against adaptive attacks remains insufficiently evaluated, potentially creating a false sense of security. In this work, we propose PISmith, a reinforcement learning (RL)-based red-teaming framework that systematically assesses existing prompt-injection defenses by training an attack LLM to optimize injected prompts in a practical black-box setting, where the attacker can only query the defended LLM and observe its outputs. We find that directly applying standard GRPO to attack strong defenses leads to sub-optimal performance due to extreme reward sparsity -- most generated injected prompts are blocked by the defense, causing the policy's entropy to collapse before discovering effective attack strategies, while the rare successes cannot be learned effectively. In response, we introduce adaptive entropy regularization and dynamic advantage weighting to sustain exploration and amplify learning from scarce successes. Extensive evaluation on 13 benchmarks demonstrates that state-of-the-art prompt injection defenses remain vulnerable to adaptive attacks. We also compare PISmith with 7 baselines across static, search-based, and RL-based attack categories, showing that PISmith consistently achieves the highest attack success rates. Furthermore, PISmith achieves strong performance in agentic settings on InjecAgent and AgentDojo against both open-source and closed-source LLMs (e.g., GPT-4o-mini and GPT-5-nano). Our code is available at https://github.com/albert-y1n/PISmith.

Models | OpenAI API

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Models | OpenAI API

ChatGPT Start searching API Dashboard Try ChatGPT Home API Overview Get started with the OpenAI API Models Explore models and compare capabilities Agents Build persistent agents on hosted infrastructure Tools Connect models to tools and data Audio & voice Build speech and realtime voice experiences Production Deploy and scale your API integrations API reference Explore endpoints, parameters, and responses ChatGPT Plugins Extend ChatGPT and Codex Sign in with ChatGPT Apps

Models | OpenAI API

ChatGPT Start searching API Dashboard Try ChatGPT Home API Overview Get started with the OpenAI API Models Explore models and compare capabilities Agents Build persistent agents on hosted infrastructure Tools Connect models to tools and data Audio & voice Build speech and realtime voice experiences Production Deploy and scale your API integrations API reference Explore endpoints, parameters, and responses ChatGPT Plugins Extend ChatGPT and Codex Sign in with ChatGPT Apps